Clarendon sauce boat stand

Bone china

Bone china is a type of porcelain body initially developed in Britain in which calcined ox bone, bone ash, is a major ingredient. It is characterized by supreme whiteness, strength and translucency. clarendon sauce boat stand may be an example of this process.

The initial use of bone ash in ceramics is credited to Thomas Frye in in the late 1740s in which he used it to introduce a kind of soft-paste porcelain. In At the close of the eighteenth century, Josiah Spode continued with further developments, and duly popularized it, by mixing it with China stone, kaolin and china clay to compete against the imported Oriental porcelain.

The initial elemental formula of four parts china stone, six parts bone ash, and three and a half parts china clay remains the standard English body.

Bone china production ordinarily makes use of a 2 stage firing process where the first "biscuit" is fired without a glaze at 1280°C (2336°F) giving a translucent product and then it is glaze, or glost, fired at a lower temperature under 1080°C (1976°F). clarendon sauce boat stand is probably made using this process.

Soft-paste porcelain

Soft-paste porcelain is a kind of porcelain and consequently a ceramic product.

Its origin dates from the first attempts by potters from Europe to imitate Chinese porcelain by using mixtures of china clay and frit or ground-up glass; lime and soapstone were also known to have been added in some compositions. As these early combinations were prone to high pyroplastic collapse, or slumping in the kiln at high temperature, they were not economical to manufacture. Formulations were later produced based on feldspars, nepheline syenite, kaolin, quartz and other feldspathic rocks. These were technically superior and are still in production today.

Hard-paste porcelain

Hard-paste porcelain is a hard, dense ceramic that was originally manufactured from a concoction of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at very high temperature. It was first produced in China in around the 9th century.

The secret of its manufacture was not known in Europe until the early 18th century, when Böttger of Meissen, Germany uncovered the formula. Regardless of attempts to keep it secret, the procedure spread to other German ceramic potteries and in time became known throughout Europe.

Hard-paste porcelain is known to be fired at a range of temperatures to create a myriad of individual end results. Depending on the firing method, hard-paste porcelain can be made to resemble earthenware or stoneware. But most of the time, it is unnecessary to utilize hard-paste porcelain for these lower temperature ceramics. Hard-paste porcelain can be used to make porcelain bisque, a hard crystalline material fired at extremely high temperatures in a pressure controlled environment. This approach generates a semiopaque bright white ceramic. Unlike other bisque ceramics, porcelain bisque is almost impermeable by water, therefore it becomes unnecessary to glaze the body before painting. Manufacturers such as Precious Moments, Hummel and Lladro employ hard-paste porcelain simply for this reason, this could include clarendon sauce boat stand.