Angela sauce boat stand

Bone china

Bone china is a type of porcelain body first developed in Great Britain in which calcined ox bone, bone ash, is a major ingredient. It is characterised by brilliant whiteness, strength and translucency. angela sauce boat stand may be an example of this procedure.

The initial use of bone ash in ceramics is assigned to Thomas Frye in in the late 1740s in which he used it to develop a kind of soft-paste porcelain. In In the late 18th century, Josiah Spode continued with further developments, and subsequently popularized it, by combining it with china clay, kaolin and China stone to compete against the imported Oriental porcelain.

The initial elemental recipe of four parts china stone, three and a half parts china clay, and six parts bone ash is still the standard English body.

The manufacture of bone china mainly employs a two stage firing where the first "biscuit" is fired without a glaze at 1280°C (2336°F) giving a semitransparent product and then it is glost, or glaze, fired at a lower temperature under 1080°C (1976°F). angela sauce boat stand is probably made using this process.

Soft-paste porcelain

Soft-paste porcelain is a type of porcelain and consequently a ceramic product.

Its history dates from the initial ventures by potters from Europe to clone Chinese porcelain by employing formulations of china clay and ground-up glass (also known as frit); soapstone and lime were also known to have been employed in some mixtures. As these early compositions were prone to high pyroplastic deformation, or slumping in the oven at high temperature, they were uneconomic to manufacture. Combinations were later produced based on feldspars, quartz, kaolin, nepheline syenite and other feldspathic rocks. These were technically superior and are still in production to this day.

Hard-paste porcelain

Hard-paste porcelain is a hard, dense ceramic that was initially produced from a concoction of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at very high temperature. It was first manufactured in China around the ninth century.

The secret of its manufacture was unknown in Europe until the early eighteenth century, when Böttger of Meissen, Germany uncovered the formula. Regardless of attempts to keep it secret, the process was used by other German ceramic manufacturers and finally became known throughout Europe.

Hard-paste porcelain can be fired at a range of temperatures to manufacture many different end results. Depending on the firing technique, hard-paste porcelain can be made to resemble earthenware or stoneware. Most of the time however, it is not necessary to make use of hard-paste porcelain for such lower temperature ceramics. Hard-paste porcelain can be employed to create porcelain bisque, a hard crystalline material fired at extremely high temperatures in a pressure controlled environment. This method generates a translucent bright white ceramic. Unlike other bisque ceramics, porcelain bisque is almost impermeable by water, therefore it becomes unnecessary to glaze the body before decorating. Manufacturers such as Hummel, Lladro and Precious Moments employ hard-paste porcelain exactly for this reason, this could include angela sauce boat stand.